Articles, Chapters, and Talks

In The World’s Ocean: Culture, History, and the Environment, edited by Lance Nolde and Rainer F. Buschmann, 90–108. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio 2018.

Culture comprises many elements, including beliefs, social norms, traditional customs, the arts, civic institutions, and collective achievements of people or societies, and people both shape culture and are shaped by it. In considering why oceans and seas matter in world culture, it is essential to realize that before mechanical ground transportation and aviation in the 19th and 20th centuries, ships and boats were usually the most efficient means of transportation—when they were not the only ones. Thus, the opening of sea routes invariably resulted in cultural transformation, sometimes immediate, other times only in the long term.More

In The Return of Geopolitics: Perspectives from the Engelsberg Seminar 2016, edited by Kurt Almqvist, Alexander Linklater, and Andrew Mackenzie. Stockholm: Axel and Margaret Ax:son Johnson Foundation, 2017.

One of the more pressing but unspoken geopolitical issues of our time has to do with the role of the United States as the world’s preeminent military power—or as Americans like to think of it, its role as the global policeman and leader of the free world. And any consideration of that question leads inevitably, if not immediately, to a discussion of American sea power and the U.S. Navy. Because without its navy, which for the past seven decades has been the most powerful in the world, the United States could not have been as active a participant in the world as it has been. Or to take a less charitable view, the U.S. could not have gotten into or caused as much trouble as it has.More

The Mariner’s Mirror 102:4 (2016): 388–99.

The greatest challenge faced by maritime museums is how we make ourselves relevant in the twenty-first century. This is a problem that has three components, which we can characterize loosely as geography, chronology and theme or discipline. Foremost of these is, as they say in the real-estate world, location, location, location. Maritime museums have by default allowed our physical location to define and determine the centre and scope of all our activities, whether our focus is a port city; a bay, a lake, or a river; whether it is local or regional, or national or imperial; or even when its focus is on a particular industry or trade.More

International Journal of Maritime History 28:3 (2016): 589–600.

As anyone who has ever read two or more reviews of the same work knows, the parable of the blind men and the elephant is really about launching a book into the world. This can be exasperating at times, particularly for authors who are themselves reviewers (or teachers) and more accustomed to judging than being judged. But reading reviews of one’s work is more often than not a salutary exercise (people who claim not to are missing out), if only for the gratification of reading an affirmation of some aspect of their effort. So I begin with the acknowledgement of my thanks, not only for the kind things that Patrick Manning, Paul Buell, John Gillis, and Fabio López Lázaro have written, but for the time they have taken to give The Sea and Civilization such close readings and for the thoughtful critiques that flow from that.More

In Maritime Contacts of the Past: Deciphering Connections Amongst Communities, ed. by Sila Tripati, 37–53. New Delhi: Delta Book World, 2014.

The study of Eurasia in the seventh century is dominated by the history of the origins of the Muslim caliphate and the Tang Dynasty. The first Tang emperor, Gaozu, ascended the throne in 618 AD, and the hegira took place in 622 AD, year one of the Muslim calendar. That these two developments should be so central is understandable. Within little more than a hundred years of its establishment, Islam was the dominant religion across an arc of Asia and Africa from Portugal to Kazakhstan, where it butted up against the armies of the Tang Dynasty, which had simultaneously pushed China’s borders west across two thousand miles of desert and steppe.More

International Journal of Maritime History 22:1 (2010): 205–28.

In the course of researching a maritime history of the world, I became aware of a vastly greater body of maritime literature than the armchair sailor—or armchair historian—usually encounters. I wondered whether this lack of awareness was due to my own want of initiative in recognizing or seeking out foreign works, or whether the corpus of maritime literature upon which historians, teachers and compilers of anthologies draw was too narrowly circumscribed.More